D2
D2 Grade Introduction:
D2 steel is an air-hardening, high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel. It has high wear and abrasion-resistant properties. It is heat treatable and will offer a hardness in the range of 55-62 HRC, and is machinable in the annealed condition. D2 steel shows little distortion on correct hardening. D2 steel’s high chromium content gives it mild corrosion-resisting properties in the hardened conditions.
D2 Grade Application:
- Stamping or Forming Dies
- Punches
- Forming Rolls
- Knives, slitters, shear blades
- Tools
- Scrap choppers
- Tyre shredders
D2 Equivalent Grades:
| Country |
Standard |
| DIN |
1.2379 |
| NI |
KU |
| BS |
BD 2 |
| ASTM |
A681 |
| FED |
QQ-T-570 |
| SAE |
J437 |
| SAE |
J438 |
| UNS |
T30402 |
D2 Chemical Composition:
| Element |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
V |
Cu |
Co |
| Content (%) |
1.40-1.60 |
0.60 |
0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
11.00-13.00 |
0.70-1.20 |
0.30 |
1.10 |
0.25 |
1.00 |
Mechanical Properties:
| Property |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Hardness, Knoop (converted from Rockwell C hardness) |
769 |
769 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C |
62 |
62 |
| Hardness, Vickers |
748 |
748 |
| Izod impact unnotched |
77.0 J |
56.8 ft-lb |
| Poisson’s ratio |
0.27-0.30 |
0.27-0.30 |
| Elastic modulus |
190-210 GPa |
27557-30457 ksi |
Physical Properties:
| Property |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Density |
7.7 x 1000 kg/m³ |
0.278 lb/in³ |
| Melting point |
1421°C |
2590°F |
Thermal Properties:
| Property |
Conditions |
Value |
| Thermal expansion |
20-100°C |
10.4 x 10⁻⁶/°C |
Forging Properties:
Forging of D2 steels can be done from 1065ºC (1950ºF) down to 954ºC (1750ºF). Do not forge below 926ºC (1700ºF).
Stress Relieving:
When tools made from D2 tool steel are heavily machined, ground, or otherwise subjected to cold work, the relief of internal strains is advisable before hardening to minimize the possibility of distortion. Stress relieving should be done after rough machining. To stress relief, heat the component to 600-650°C. Soak well and cool in the furnace or in the air. The tools may then be finish machined before hardening.